
Law has its Language
Legal translation
Law is culture
Culture is language

Legal translation is a delicate work that requires interdisciplinary skills, which range from legal knowledge to the application of translation theories and techniques. It also requires the research skills of the comparative-lawyer as well as the editorial skills of the professional editor.
Thanks to the work of a lawyer-linguist who is qualified both in the legal and translation fields, Kodeks – Legal Languages offers a range of linguistic services for all your legal documents. Our approach is direct, serious and competent.
For us at Kodeks – Legal Languages, law is culture and culture is, first of all, language.

Each legal system is a web of interrelated concepts, which are created and evolve according to historical, social and economic factors. Due to these developments, concepts that are known to one legal system may be unknown to others.
How, therefore, do you find similarities and differences between the jurisdiction of one country and that of another?
By resorting to comparative law. A competent comparison of two or more legal systems provides correspondences and divergences between them. Being aware of this is the most crucial step in the legal translation process.

Once the legal concepts have been compared, their meaning must then be transferred from one language (or culture) to another.
If two legal systems do not have the same concepts or language, how can the translator fill these cultural and linguistic gaps?
Only the application of translation theories and techniques can help us resolve this dilemma.
Mission
Professional Background

Kodeks – Legal Languages was founded in 2013 by Marco Battaglia. Since its creation, it immediately began collaborating with major law firms and translation agencies.
Our mission is to provide quality and on-time legal translation services. We pay special attention to the legal content of your documents, as well as to their editorial and linguistic form. Reliability, competence and honesty are the hallmark of our service.
In 2012, Marco Battaglia received a Law Degree from the University of Trento, Italy (Laurea Magistrale a ciclo unico, a five-year law degree equivalent to the English LLB and LLM). His course of study focused on comparative and international law and was concluded with a research dissertation entitled “The circulation of legal models in the Russian civil codification”. The research, which was funded by the University of Trento, was conducted in Italy, Russia and Finland.
After completing his law degree, he then went on to pursue an MA in Legal Translation at City University London, UK. His dissertation was the translation from English into Italian of the American Uniform Commercial Code Article 9 – Secured Transactions, as enacted by the State of New York.
Before creating Kodeks – Legal Languages, Marco's gained invaluable work experience in the Netherlands, at Voorts Legal Services (a legal translation business based in Utrecht), as well as at the Political and Commercial Office of the Italian Embassy in Vilnius, Lithuania.
Marco also has three years' experience in the publishing industry, in which he provided legal advice, editing and literary translation services.
If you are interested in the complete CV, please contact: marco.battaglia@kodekslegal.com.
Services
What we offer

Kodeks – Legal Languages offers the following services:
- Translation English to Italian and Italian to English
- Editing English-Italian
- Proofreading of texts in Italian
- Document review of texts in English and Italian
For information about our services and rates, please contact: marco.battaglia@kodekslegal.com.
If you need a linguistic combination that is not provided by Kodeks – Legal Languages, feel free to contact us and we will be glad to refer you to other skilled professionals, without any obligation.
Translation
The art (or science) of transferring the content of a written text from a language (or culture) to another. Thanks to the skills of a lawyer-linguist who studied law in Italy and legal translation in the United Kingdom, Kodeks – Legal Languages offers translation services for your legal documents from English into Italian and from Italian into English.
Editing
Editing and proofreading are often confused with each other or are considered as synonyms. However, in the translation field they are two different types of service.
“Editing” a document involves working on both the source text (the text to be translated) and the target text (the translated text) to ensure that the content of the target text conforms to the content of the source text, and that the translated text is correctly and coherently drafted.
Kodeks – Legal Languages offers editing services for texts translated from English into Italian, with the guarantee that your translated documents will accurately reproduce the content of the source text and that they will be drafted in an impeccable and natural legal Italian, both in form and style.
Proofreading
“Proofreading” refers to correcting only one text, usually the target text.
Kodeks – Legal Languages offers proofreading services for texts in Italian, so your texts can be free of any typographical, grammatical and syntactical errors, and the document and content can be correct, coherent and well formatted. We can also guarantee that the language and style of your texts will be natural and appropriate to the topic and genre of your documents.
Document Review
Sometimes time goes by so quickly, whereas the pile of documents in front of you or the files that you should examine show no sign of decreasing. “Document review” entails reading and evaluating substantial amounts of texts, articles or legal documents in a short time. This is done with the aim of locating and identifying how much of their content is relevant to your research or business.
Kodeks – Legal Languages offers document review services for texts, judgments, articles or legal documents of any kind in English and Italian, so that you may redirect your time, money and efforts to other activities.
Contacts and privacy
Kodeks – Legal Languages
di Battaglia Marco
VAT id: 03543920981
Phone: (+39) 3405606232
Address: 125 via Rossini, Villanuova sul Clisi (BS) 25089, Italy
E-mail: marco.battaglia@kodekslegal.com
Website: www.kodekslegal.com
Skype: kodeks.legal.languages
Please, feel free to contact us if you have any questions or for a free no obligation quote.
Privacy Policy
Last Update: August 2018
Introduction
Protecting the client’s privacy is an integral part of the services of Kodeks – Legal Languages. This policy is designed to explain which personal data concerning individuals we process, how we collect them, for which purposes and on which legal bases, and what your rights are as a data subject.
This policy is compliant with the applicable law and, in particular, the EU General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR (Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016).
(a) Which personal data do we collect?
We collect and process the following types of personal data:
• Contact and invoicing details: for instance, full name, title, home and/or business address, telephone number, fax, e-mail address, tax ID and/or VAT number;
• Payment data: for instance, date and amount of payments made in connection to our services, date and number of quote and/or invoice that we sent you.
• Data collected in the course of our business relationship: for instance, the data included in the documents you provided to us in connection to our services.
(b) How do we collect personal data?
We only collect and process personal data that the data subject provides to us (in order to perform the contract and the requested services and/or upon express consent given by the data subject for the purposes agreed from time to time) or that are available on public databases (for instance, professional registers, newspapers).
(c) Purposes of the data processing
The personal data under section (a) are processed for the following purposes:
• performing the services you requested. The legal basis of this processing is the performance of a contract to which you are a party or in order to take steps at your request prior to entering into a contract;
• managing the business. The personal data are processed in order to verify the status of your payments and to assess the business performance. The legal basis of this processing is the legitimate interest of the data controller in the proper management of the business;
• complying with a legal obligation to which we are subject, for instance, for tax purposes or replying to lawful requests by the public authorities. The legal basis of this processing is the necessity to comply with a legal obligation.
(d) Automated decision-making and profiling
No automated decision-making or profiling is carried out on your personal data.
(e) Retention period
We store your personal data until the processing is required for the purposes set out in this policy or for a longer period as required by the law. Upon expiry of the retention period, the personal data will be deleted or anonymized.
(f) How do we protect your personal data?
We implement technical and organizational measures that are appropriate to the risk profile of the personal data we process.
(g) With whom do we share your personal data?
We share your personal data with third parties only if and to the extent it is strictly necessary to achieve the purposes under section (c), for instance with:
• professional consultants, including accountants, legal counsels and auditors;
• courts, law enforcement agencies, or supervisory authorities, if permitted by the law or required to comply with a legal obligation.
In any case, the above-mentioned third parties are committed to ensuring standards of personal data protection that are not lower than those ensured by Kodeks – Legal Languages.
(h) International transfer of data
As a rule, we do not transfer your personal data to third countries outside the European Economic Area that do not provide the same level of data protection.
However, if the transfer becomes necessary for the purposes under section (c), the transfer should only take place in compliance with the applicable law and, in any case: 1) to third countries where the European Commission has decided that they ensure an adequate level of data protection; 2) if appropriate safeguards are provided; or 3) upon your consent to the data transfer.
(i) Data subjects’ rights
In connection with the personal data that we process about you, you may have the following rights:
• Right of access: you may have the right to know whether or not personal data concerning you are being processed and to access such personal data at any time.
• Right to rectify your personal data: if your personal data are inaccurate or incomplete, you may have the right to obtain their rectification.
• Right to erase your personal data: you may have the right to obtain the erasure of your personal data.
• Right to restriction of processing: you may have the right to obtain a restriction on the processing of your personal data.
• Right to data portability: you may have the right to receive the personal data concerning you, which you provided to us, in a structured, commonly used, machine-readable format, for the purpose of transferring the data to other data controllers.
• Right to object: you may have the right to object to the processing of your personal data, at any time, on grounds relating to your particular situation.
• Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority: if you believe that your privacy rights have been violated, you may have the right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority in the European Union.
In order to exercise your rights, you may contact us pursuant to section (j).
The exercise of such rights shall not be manifestly unfounded or excessive.
(j) Contacts and policy updates
The data controller is Marco Battaglia, owner of Kodeks – Legal Languages di Battaglia Marco. If you have any question about this policy and your rights, you can contact us by post at:
125 via Rossini
25089 Villanuova sul Clisi (BS)
Italy
or by e-mail: marco.battaglia@kodekslegal.com
This policy may be updated from time to time, when it is necessary to reflect changes in the legal framework or in the business of Kodeks – Legal Languages di Battaglia Marco.